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Enterprise IT has been waging a difficult battle against generative AI (genAI) bots and crawlers, and banning some crawlers has simply not worked. That’s led to both data leakage and painful out-of-pocket bandwidth costs.

Cloudflare is one of the few companies that has had some success in blocking these unwelcome visitors, although some have complained that by blocking most of the crawlers, Cloudflare is also filtering out some legitimate traffic. 

Now, Cloudflare is exploring a different tactic: If you can’t beat them, charge them. Cloudflare’s plan is to use different mechanisms to enable charging the visitors. 

“We’re excited to help dust off a mostly forgotten piece of the web: HTTP response code 402,” the company said in a blog post. “Each time an AI crawler requests content, they either present payment intent via request headers for successful access (HTTP response code 200), or receive a 402 Payment Required response with pricing. Cloudflare acts as the Merchant of Record for pay per crawl and also provides the underlying technical infrastructure.”

Cloudflare deserves credit for getting creative with the problem, but its initial description doesn’t go into a lot of details about the pricing particulars, other than saying it’s up to the site owner. 

As tempting as this offer might be — and for a smaller business, it could prove irresistible — enterprise IT should think seriously about whether this arrangement is in a company’s long-term interest.

Setting a price

The key question is whether there’s any reasonable/realistic price that makes long-term sense. 

Cloudflare did not say whether it would require a revenue share with the enterprises. But given the effort it’s putting into this venture, it seems likely there would be some kind of a split. (If it had decided not to take a cut, it seems likely Cloudfare would’ve mentioned that. That makes me think some kind of split is on the table.)

Setting that calculation aside, how much money makes it worthwhile to the company?

For starters, there is the bandwidth issue, which is what started this whole controversy. These spiders tend to spend a lot of time grabbing everything they can, creating a massive bandwidth bill for Cloudfare customers.

But there’s no practical way to determine that figure ahead of time. Will a genAI firm agree to cover the costs of added bandwidth weeks or months ahead? And as I’ve noted before, isolating the added bandwidth costs generated by any one spider is all but impossible.

Even if you could somehow resolve the bandwidth payment issue, that’s only a small part of a larger compensation issue. Shouldn’t companies also be reimbursed for the use of their content? How is that possibly calculated?

Given that a genAI agent will grab once and use many times, what dollar amount is appropriate?

Then there are the compliance and cybersecurity issues. If an agent grabs sensitive customer data (PII, payment details, purchase histories, etc.), how do you offset the financial losses if that data gets out into the wild? Fines? Lawsuits? What if your security credentials are grabbed? What if someone improperly locked down a decryption key and the agent grabs it?  

Will it even work?

Another of the big challenges with genAI agents/crawlers/spiders is that they tend to be quite good at obfuscating themselves and working around barriers. If they can get around most “do not enter” text barriers, how much harder will they work to sidestep “pay here” hurdles?

The strategic question is simple. Is it in a company’s longterm interests to hand over almost all of its data to a genAI agent? And if it’s not, then the money payment situation is at best a distraction. 

Assume this: Once your data gets incorporated in a large language model, it’s gone. This is a forever decision. And that’s why you don’t want to let a quick small cash grab rob you of that.

Cloudfare posed some excellent strategic questions. In its blog, it wrote that companies “might want to charge different rates for different paths or content types. How do you introduce dynamic pricing based not only upon demand, but also how many users your AI application has? How do you introduce granular licenses at internet scale, whether for training, inference, search, or something entirely new?”

The company added another critical possibility: “The true potential of pay per crawl may emerge in an agentic world. What if an agentic paywall could operate entirely programmatically? Imagine asking your favorite deep research program to help you synthesize the latest cancer research or a legal brief, or just help you find the best restaurant in Soho — and then giving that agent a budget to spend to acquire the best and most relevant content. By anchoring our first solution on HTTP response code 402, we enable a future where intelligent agents can programmatically negotiate access to digital resources.”

Interesting. But does your enterprise want to permanently support those efforts?

Also, I hate to be cynical, but why would your team trust an agent’s representations about their intended use of the data? What possible motivation would the agent have to tell the truth?

We’re all so busy that it’s tempting to wish for a digital clone to share the workload. And now, thanks to AI, you can. 

Many people are embracing generative AI (genAI) tools to make a clone or digital twin of themselves that can speak and even interact on their behalf. 

We’re all familiar with the idea of creating fake people using AI. But a digital clone is an AI replica of a real person, with the same appearance, voice, mannerisms, and pertinent knowledge as that person. 

Of course, the first thing that comes to mind when we think about digital clones is fraud and porn. Creep factor aside, legitimate and ethical applications for digital clone technologies are emerging.

Some of the genAI tools people are using should be familiar to you: ElevenLabs, OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google Gemini, Anthropic Claude, and others. 

You may be less familiar with Hedra’s Character-3, an AI model that enables the creation of videos featuring talking, singing, or moving digital characters. Led by CEO Michael Lingelbach and CTO Alex Bergman, Hedra released Character-3 in March. 

Here’s one way to use it. You can upload a photo of yourself, along with a recording of your voice. Then, you type a prompt about what you want the digital version of you to say and do. The system then bases the video on the photo, the voice on your sample, and the action on your instructions. 

The model can create full-body movement, not just faces, and accurately matches lip and facial motion to the audio. It handles up to 90 seconds of video in one go, with output up to 4K at 60 frames per second.

Character-3 is used by content creators, marketers, teachers, and businesses. For example, teachers can create videos with virtual instructors, and brands can utilize digital spokespersons for their advertisements. The tool is part of Hedra Studio, a web platform that brings together Character-3 and other AI tools for video, audio, and images. Hedra Studio enables users to build scenes, add backgrounds, and control the look and feel of each video. Developers can also use Character-3 through an API.

The most-watched creators who are assumed to be using Character-3 today are comedian Jon Lajoie, who runs the Talking Baby Podcast, and virtual singer and musician Milla Sofia.

It’s not just influencers. Businesses of all sizes are using Character-3 to make digital spokespersons and brand mascots for ad campaigns. Brands can create custom characters that match their style and message, and use them in ads, social media, and customer support videos. One benefit is that brands can quickly respond to fast-moving current events or changing circumstances and build the creative for a campaign in minutes, not days. 

Businesses can also use Character-3 for internal training, making videos with animated trainers who guide employees through new processes or policies, while developers and AI enthusiasts use the Character-3 API to build new apps and services. (They integrate the model into their own platforms to create custom video tools, chatbots, or virtual assistants.)

Teachers and educational companies can use Character-3 to make lessons with virtual instructors. These digital teachers can explain complex topics, act out scenarios, or speak in different languages, making learning more engaging and accessible. The tool is already used in both schools and online education platforms.

Hedra claims over three million users and more than 10 million videos created with Character-3, showing its broad reach across industries and creative fields.

Clones mean business

Enterprises, mom-and-pop shops and everything in between can use genAI tools to create digital clones or digital twins of their leaders, and for several reasons. These digital versions are virtual copies trained on the leader’s speeches, writings, interviews, and meetings. Companies like Delphi, Tavus, and Personal AI offer services to build these clones by feeding AI large amounts of data from the leader’s communication and behavior.

CEOs like Reid Hoffman, Sam Liang, and Eric Yuan have created AI replicas of themselves to attend meetings, handle investor calls, or answer employee questions when the real person is too busy. 

Another reason businesses create digital clones is to preserve and share institutional knowledge. A retiring executive’s AI clone can serve as a mentor to new employees, passing on wisdom and company culture. This helps keep valuable experience accessible even after a leader leaves. Some companies use these clones to onboard new hires by having the digital leader explain company values and strategies. (You can bet Apple would have created a digital clone of Steve Jobs if the technology existed while he was still alive.)

Digital clones also support decision-making and strategy. By embedding a leader’s style and vision into an AI, companies can empower teams with consistent guidance. The clones act as an always-available resource for employees, clients, and partners, offering the kind of advice and insights the real person might. This can expedite decision-making and ensure clarity throughout an organization.

Clones as a repository of knowledge and advice

While the idea of digital clones sounds like dystopian cyberpunk sci-fi (and, in fact, that is where the idea first emerged in the culture), it actually makes a lot of sense for some thought leaders. When people are so sought after that the demand for their wisdom, knowledge, or advice far exceeds their available time, AI can capture all the things they say and offer them up in an automated, interactive way. For such overwhelmed people, a digital clone is better than nothing. 

Becky Kennedy, a clinical psychologist from Manhattan, built a business around helping parents handle tough moments with their kids. She started sharing advice on Instagram in 2020, quickly gaining a large following of 3.2 million by 2025. Kennedy’s style is direct and practical. She often records videos between therapy sessions or after dealing with her own children.

Kennedy’s company, Good Inside, launched an AI chatbot called Gigi last year. The chatbot is built on her parenting method and uses OpenAI technology. Parents can use the app to get real-time advice, such as how to manage a child’s tantrum or how to talk about feelings.

The inevitability of superclones

A superclone (my own term) is a digital twin that mimics the appearance, voice, and mannerisms of a real person but possesses far greater capabilities and knowledge than the real person. 

The first application of superclones will likely be as personal assistants. When people can craft the ultimate AI helper, they might create it in their own image. 

Napster View is a small, high-resolution 2.1-in. 3D holographic display made by Napster — the same brand but different company as the peer-to-peer file sharing service in olden times. (The company launched Napster View in June, just after it rebranded from Infinite Reality and bought Touchcast for $500 million.) Napster View displays Napster Companion, an AI assistant platform. 

The system allows users to create and interact with their Napster Companion in real-time. It connects via USB-C and works immediately with no setup required. The device weighs less than 2.3 ounces and is made of anodized aluminum. 

Napster View allows users to turn their own face and voice into a digital assistant by recording themselves and submitting the video to Napster’s platform, which then creates a photorealistic 3D avatar that can speak, move, and respond in real-time. 

It looks and sounds like you, but has the knowledge of OpenAI and Gemini, which are the models that power the interaction. 

Another concept for a superclone would be a CEO or business leader who creates a twin with all their knowledge and ways of speaking, but which is fed real-time information about the company, markets, and other relevant data, effectively creating a digital version of that leader that is more knowledgeable than the flesh-and-blood version.

No matter how you look at it, the age of AI-powered digital clones is here. 

** Nový pěnový beton je navržen pro bezpečné zastavení letadel na drahách ** Jeho nízká pevnost zajišťuje kontrolovaný rozpad a pohlcení energie ** Technologie je již ověřena a nasazena na čtrnácti čínských letištích

From time to time, certain key elements in the Windows 10 or 11 user interface can go dormant. You click on or touch the Start menu icon, or other icons in the taskbar, and nothing happens. Keep trying, but nothing keeps happening. This can be anywhere from frustrating to infuriating.

Thankfully, there’s an extremely easy fix for this sort of behavior, as I will soon explain.

No need to restart, though that works, too

One ingrained response in many Windows users when the UI starts misbehaving is to restart their computers. And indeed, that does work to fix a nonresponsive Start menu or taskbar icons. But it takes time — at least a minute for most PC users — and can derail your productivity.

Because File Explorer handles processing for the Start menu and the taskbar, including its notification area, there’s a simpler, faster fix worth trying before you pull out the big gun.

If you press the key combination Alt-Shift-Esc or right-click an empty area in the taskbar, you can launch the Task Manager utility quickly and easily. Figure 1 shows the right-click pop-up menu in Windows 11 (left) and Windows 10 (right), from which you should select the Task Manager item to run that tool.

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Figure 1: Right-click taskbar options in Windows 11 (left) are far fewer than in Windows 10 (right). In either, pick Task Manager.

Ed Tittel / Foundry

Use Task Manager to restart File Explorer

After Task Manager starts up, look for the entry named “Windows Explorer” under the “Apps” heading (see Figure 2). Even though the app itself is named “File Explorer,” it’s shown up as “Windows Explorer” in Task Manager since Windows 95 made its debut 30 years ago.

Figure 2: Right-click on Windows Explorer, then click Restartin the pop-up menu (2nd from top).

Ed Tittel / Foundry

If you don’t see Windows Explorer listed in Task Manager, no worries. Simply launch an instance of File Explorer. If you can’t do that from the taskbar or Start menu, use the Windows key + R shortcut. This opens the Windows run box, inside which you can type explorer (or explorer.exe). Once launched, it appears in Task Manager as Windows Explorer under the Apps heading as shown above.

Right-clicking Windows Explorer and selecting Restart from the menu that appears usually restores the Start menu and the taskbar to normal operation. This can take up to 30 seconds to complete, so wait for the taskbar to reappear before resuming normal Windows activity. That said, this restart is much faster than restarting Windows.

Don’t be surprised when you see the taskbar go blank and all icons disappear. This is a normal side effect of restarting File Explorer. Before it can be restarted, it must first be stopped — and when it’s stopped, all those UI elements disappear temporarily. However disconcerting this may be, it won’t last long.

As soon as the File Explorer process restarts, it restores the Start menu and taskbar icons and the UI behaviors they support. In the vast majority of cases, that will fix whatever caused the Start menu or taskbar icons to stop responding to user inputs via mouse or touch — and you can get back to work.

The old fallback

If that doesn’t do the trick, then it’s time to restart Windows. If the usual techniques (e.g., Start > Power button > Restart) don’t work, you can use Windows key + R and type the command shutdown /r /t 0 into the run box. (Warning! The /t 0 setting means Windows will restart immediately, so save what work you can before taking this route.)

This article was originally published in July 2021 and updated in July 2025.

More Windows how-tos:

• How to fix a Windows black screen
• 6 steps to recover missing data in Windows
• How to troubleshoot and reset Windows Update
• Windows PowerToys: Your handy productivity toolbox
• WinGet: The best way to keep Windows apps updated

Microsoft never sleeps. In addition to its steady releases of major and minor updates to the current version of Windows 10, the company frequently rolls out public preview builds to members of its Windows Insider Program, allowing them to test out — and even help shape — upcoming features.

Although Windows Insiders can choose to receive Windows 11 preview builds in one of four channels — the Canary, Dev, Beta, or Release Preview Channel — Microsoft currently offers Windows 10 Insider previews in the Beta and Release Preview Channels only.

The Release Preview Channel typically doesn’t see action until shortly before a new feature update is rolled out; it’s meant for final testing of an upcoming release and is best for those who want the most stable builds. The Beta Channel previews features that are a little further out.

Below you’ll find information about recent Windows 10 preview builds. For each build, we’ve included the date of its release, which Insider channel it was released to, a summary of what’s in the build, and a link to Microsoft’s announcement about it.

Note: If you’re looking for information about updates being rolled out to all Windows 10 users, not previews for Windows Insiders, see “Windows 10: A guide to the updates.”

Releases for Windows 10 version 22H2 Windows 10 Build 19045.6156

Release date: July 10, 2025

Released to: Release Preview Channel

This build adds the ability to deploy SKUSiPolicy VBS Anti-rollback protections through the Secure Boot AvailableUpdates registry key.

It also fixes two bugs, including one in which the Windows 10 Extended Security Updates (ESU) enrollment wizard closed unexpectedly for some users, and another that caused stability issues for some users after installing the May 2025 security update and subsequent updates.

 (Get more info about Windows 10 Build 19045.6156.)

Windows 10 Build 19045.6029 (KB5061087)

Release date: June 12, 2025

Released to: Release Preview Channel

This build adds several new minor features, including ugrading the curl tool to version 8.13.0. Several minor bugs have been fixed as well, including one that caused jump lists to disappear from the Start menu.

(Get more info about Build 19045.6029.

Windows 10 Build 19045.5912 (KB5058481)

Release date: May 15, 2025

Released to: Release Preview Channel

This build adds description text for the weather button on the rich calendar flyout and brings back the clock view that displays seconds. It also fixes several bugs, including one in which some GB18030-2022 characters in plane 2 were not rendered in GDI/GDI+.

(Get more info about Build 19045.5912.)

Windows 10 Build 19045.5794 (KB5055612)

Release date: April 14, 2024

Released to: Release Preview Channel

This build fixes two bugs, one in which the check for GPU paravirtualization was case-sensitive in Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 (WSL2), which potentially caused GPU paravirtualization support to fail, and another in which additions to the Windows Kernel Vulnerable Driver Blocklist (DriverSiPolicy.p7b) blocklisted drivers with security vulnerabilities that have been used in Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD) attacks.

(Get more info about Build 19045.5794.)

Windows 10 Build 19045.5674 (KB5053643)

Release date: March 13, 2025

Released to: Release Preview Channel

This build fixes a variety of bugs, including one in which thumbnails in File Explorer crashed and caused white pages to appear instead of the actual thumbnail.

(Get more info about Build 19045.5674.)

Windows 10 Build 19045.5552 (KB5052077)

Release date: February 13, 2025

Released to: Release Preview Channel

This build fixes a variety of bugs, including one in which Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH) refused to start, stopping SSH connections.

(Get more info about Build 19045.5552.)

Windows 10 Build 19045.5435 (KB5050081)

Release date: January 17, 2025

Released to: Release Preview Channel

This update introduces a new calendar and the new Outlook app. It also fixes a variety of bugs, including one that depleted virtual memory, causing some apps to fail, and another in which the Capture Service and Snipping Tool stopped responding you pressed Windows key + Shift + S several times while Narrator was on.

(Get more info about Build 19045.5435.)

Windows 10 Build 19045.5194 (KB5046714)

Release date: November 14, 2024

Released to: Beta Channel and Release Preview Channel

For Windows Insiders in the Beta Channel, the recommended section of the Start menu will show some Microsoft Store apps from a small set of curated developers. If you want to turn this off, go to Settings > Personalization > Start. Turn off the toggle for Show suggestions occasionally in Start. Note that this feature is being rolled out gradually.

Windows Insiders in the Beta and Release Preview Channels get several bug fixes, including for a bug in which when you dragged and dropped files from a cloud files provider folder, it might have resulted in a move instead of a copy.

(Get more info about Build 19045.5194.)

Windows 10 Build 19045.5070 (KB5045594)

Release date: October 14, 2024

Released to: Beta and Release Preview Channels

In this build, those in the Beta Channel who have chosen to get features as soon as they are rolled out get new top cards that highlight key hardware specifications of their devices.

Insiders in both the Beta and Release Preview Channels get a new account manager on the Start menu. The new design makes it easy to view your account and access account settings. Those in the Beta and Release Preview Channels also get fixes for a variety of bugs, including one in which a scanner driver failed to install when you used a USB cable to connect to a multifunction printer.

(Get more info about Windows 10 22H2 Build 19045.5070.)

Windows 10 19045.4955 (KB5043131)

Release date: September 16, 2024

Released to: Beta Channel and Release Preview Channel

This build fixes several bugs, including one in which playback of some media could have stopped when you used certain surround sound technology, and another in which Windows Server stopped responding when you used apps like File Explorer and the taskbar.

(Get more info about Windows 10 22H2 Build 19045.4955.)

Windows 10 19045.4842 (KB5041582)

Release date: August 22, 2024

Released to: Beta Channel and Release Preview Channel

This build fixes several bugs, including one in which when a combo box had input focus, a memory leak sometimes occurred when you closed that window, and another in which some Bluetooth apps stopped responding because of a memory leak in a device.

(Get more info about Windows 10 22H2 19045.4842.)

Windows 10 Build 19045.4713 (KB5040525)

Release date: July 11, 2024

Released to: Beta Channel and Release Preview Channel

In this build, Insiders in the Beta Channel get a fix in which they will see a search box on their secondary monitors when the setting for search on the taskbar is set to “Search box.”

Insiders in the Beta Channel and Release Preview Channel get fixes for a variety of bugs, including one in which the TCP send code often causes a system to stop responding during routine tasks, such as file transfers. This issue leads to an extended send loop.

(Get more info about  Windows 10 22H2 19045.4713.)

Windows 10 Build 19045.4593

Release date: June 13, 2024

Released to: Beta Channel and Release Preview Channel

In this build, Insiders in the Beta Channel get bug fixes for Windows Backup. Insiders in both the Beta and Release Preview Channels get a new feature for mobile device management in which when you enroll a device, the MDM client sends more details about the device. The MDM service uses those details to identify the device model and the company that made it.

Insiders in the Beta Channel and Release Preview Channel also get a variety of bug fixes, including for a bug that could have stopped systems from resuming from hibernation after BitLocker was turned on.

(Get more info about  Windows 10 22H2 19045.4593.)

Windows 10 Build 19045.4472 (KB5037849)

Release date: May 20, 2024

Released to: Release Preview ChannelThis build fixes a variety of bugs, including one in which TWAIN drivers stopped responding when you used them in a virtual environment, and another in which the Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) app stopped responding.

(Get more info about  Windows 10 22H2 19045.4472.)

Windows 10 Build 19045.4353 (KB5036979)

Release date: April 15, 2024

Released to: Release Preview Channel

This build introduces account-related notifications for Microsoft accounts in Settings > Home. A Microsoft account connects Windows to your Microsoft apps. This feature displays notifications across the Start menu and Settings. You can manage your Settings notifications in Settings > Privacy & security > General.

A wide variety of bugs have been fixed, including one in which when your device resumed from Modern Standby you might have gotten the stop error, “0x9f DRIVER_POWER_STATE_FAILURE, and another in which the Windows Local Administrator Password Solution’s (LAPS) Post Authentication Actions (PAA) did not happen at the end of the grace period. Instead, they occurred at restart.

(Get more info about  Windows 10 22H2 Build 19045.4353.)

Windows 10 22H2 Build 19045.4233 (KB5035941)

Release date: March 14, 2024

Released to: Release Preview Channel

This build adds Windows Spotlight, which displays new images as your desktop wallpaper. If you want to know more about an image, click or tap the Learn More button, which takes you to Bing. To turn on this feature, go to Settings > Personalization > Background > Personalize your background and choose Windows spotlight. The update also adds sports, traffic, and finance content to the lock screen. To turn it on, go to Settings > Personalization > Lock screen. Note that these two features will roll out to users gradually.

In addition, in Windows Hello for Business IT admins can now use mobile device management (MDM) to turn off the prompt that appears when users sign in to an Entra-joined machine. To do it, turn on the “DisablePostLogonProvisioning” policy setting. After a user signs in, provisioning is off for Windows 10 and Windows 11 devices.

A wide variety of bugs have been fixed, including one in which some applications that depend on COM+ component had stopped responding. Also fixed was a deadlock issue in CloudAP that occurred when different users signed in and signed out at the same time on virtual machines.

(Get more info about Windows 10 22H2 Build 19045.4233.)

Windows 10 22H2 Build 19045.4116 (KB5034843)

Release date: February 15, 2024

Released to: Release Preview Channel

In this build, using Windows share, you can now directly share URLs to apps like WhatsApp, Gmail, Facebook, and LinkedIn. Sharing to X (formerly Twitter) is coming soon.

The build fixes several bugs, including one in which you weren’t able to use Windows Hello for Business to authenticate to Microsoft Entra ID on certain apps when using Web Access Management (WAM).

(Get more info about  Windows 10 22H2 Build 19045.4116.)

Windows 10 22H2 Build 19045.3992 (KB5034203)

Release date: January 11, 2024

Released to: Release Preview Channel

This update adds eye control system settings. You can back up these settings from the former device while you set up a new device. Then those settings will install automatically on the new device so you can use them when you reach the desktop.

The build fixes a wide variety of bugs, including one in which an MDM service such as Microsoft Intune might not get the right data from BitLocker data-only encryption, and another in which some single-function printers are installed as scanners.

(Get more info about  Windows 10 22H2 Build 19045.3992 (KB5034203).)

The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) on Thursday added a critical security flaw impacting Citrix NetScaler ADC and Gateway to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, officially confirming the vulnerability has been weaponized in the wild. The shortcoming in question is CVE-2025-5777 (CVSS score: 9.3), an instance of insufficient input validation that couldRavie Lakshmananhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]

The impact of threatened tariffs from the Trump administration could cause shrinking PC sales, particularly in the US market, and potentially in other regions across the globe as well.

This prediction was featured in the IDC Worldwide Quarterly Personal Computing Device Tracker, released Tuesday, which showed that, while global PC shipments during the second quarter of 2025 increased by 6.5% from the prior year, with 68.4 million units, the US market is starting to feel the pinch of import tariffs.

Jean Phillippe Bouchard, IDC’s research vice president of data and analytics, said, “what we are witnessing here might highlight US PC demand slowing down in anticipation of the import tariffs looming deadline.”

In an email to Computerworld, he added, “as we’ve seen with the latest quarterly results, the US market remained flat, while the rest of the world grew at 9% year over year. As PC vendors are looking for ways to mitigate the impact of tariffs on pricing, the supply chain is bound to be impacted.”

On Wednesday, Canalys reported similar results for the quarter, estimating that while worldwide shipments of desktops, notebooks, and workstations grew 7.4% to 67.6 million units, “the Trump’s administration’s ever-changing and unclear approach to tariffs continues to generate considerable uncertainty. While PCs were exempt from tariffs in Q2, indirect impacts threaten not only the US, but the global market recovery.”

No pending crisis

Greg Davis, lead US analyst on the Canalys team that put the findings together, said Thursday, “at this point in time, we do not predict that a pending crisis might exist, at least not one that is specific to the PC industry. While, as we have mentioned, there is still quite a bit of uncertainty surrounding the US and its global economic trade policies, many of the larger PC vendors have taken steps to help diversify their supply chains to better navigate what evolving scenarios may occur in the near-term.”

He said, despite that, “what may have a larger impact on the anticipated growth of the PC market this year, and next, is the rising cost of goods for everything else. When you look at consumer purchasing behaviors, expensive electronic devices like PCs are not as high a priority as things like food and energy.”

When overall purchasing power is impacted by rising costs, said Davis, “the PC market will face a downward pressure even if the industry itself is not directly affected by economic changes.”

Tariff situation a ‘moving target’

Scott Bickley, advisory fellow at Info-Tech Research Group, said, “the US market has already moved to accelerate PC purchases in Q1 of this year in anticipation of tariffs being enacted in July. Buyers who have not been proactive should prepare now while the tariff exemption window is still open.”

The tariff situation, he said, “is a moving target and changes daily in terms of the impacted countries, product classes affected, and level of tariff to be levied. PC buyers are sandwiched between the Windows 10 end of life date looming large, normal PC refresh cycles, and the prospect of some level of tariff to be a likely outcome at some point in the future. Some PC vendors are already trying to apply a tariff price increase to new PC sales; buyers should push back on this tactic.”

Mark Moccia, VP research director with Forrester Research, added that if PC shipments, which are currently exempt, do become impacted by tariffs, there’s the potential for ballooning costs for enterprises that are in the midst of an entire fleet device refresh as part of a migration, or just a modest increase in costs for business as usual device refreshes.

The downstream impact of this, he pointed out, “is either the CIO has less money to spend on transformational efforts [such as] AI, or the CEO has to allocate more money from the company P&L toward tech to keep both the run and transformational expenses going.”

And supply chain complexity “provides additional uncertainty in terms of the cost of PCs due to where raw materials are sourced, where chips are produced, and where assembly occurs. The uncertainty with PC costs is especially problematic with the loss of Windows 10 support (and potential mass upgrades) occurring this year,” he said.

A complicated story

Anshel Sag, principal analyst at Moor Insight & Strategy, described the current situation as a “complicated story, because I do believe tariffs are a major issue. Some of the inflationary pressures of tariffs on OEMs are forcing them to keep prices higher, which is affecting their ability to offer deals, and that’s affecting volumes.”

Additionally,  he said, “we are likely already in a recession, which would make both consumers and businesses more sensitive to PC prices. By all measures, this was supposed to be an up year for the PC industry because of AI PCs, Copilot+, and Windows 10, but with so much uncertainty, including tariffs, things are not looking as rosy.”

With tariffs, Bickley pointed out, “the devil is in the details, and those details are not yet finalized. This means any supply chain pre-positioning by the PC manufacturers may be premature. It is safe to say that for PCs manufactured in Mexico vs Southeast Asia, the tariff impact would likely be lower due to the favorable provisions in the USMCA [United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement].”

He added, “aside from the obvious tactic of pre-buying to build stock, I expect organizations to start buying down-the-stack as a means to offset a tariff-based price increase. While suppliers will absorb some of the tariff impact, their supply chains and internal processes are already quite mature, meaning most of the impact may be passed onto the customer.” 

This, said Bickley, mean organizations must become more mindful of the minimum performance level of the hardware required for various job roles. 

Further reading:

• Is Microsoft really axing Windows 10? Here’s what you need to know
• Yes, you can still upgrade Windows 10 PCs to Windows 11
• Here’s how much Microsoft will charge for Win10 security updates once support ends
  

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Mozilla's VPN client hitting Flathub might not make headlines in the broader tech world, but if you're a Linux admin or infosec professional, this is noteworthy. Why? Because it's no longer just a convenient option for privacy-conscious users '' it's a potential tool for your security stack.

Microsoft announced that it has replaced the default scripting engine JScript with the newer and more secure JScript9Legacy on Windows 11 version 24H2 and later. [...]

Cybersecurity researchers have discovered a critical vulnerability in the open-source mcp-remote project that could result in the execution of arbitrary operating system (OS) commands. The vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-6514, carries a CVSS score of 9.6 out of 10.0. "The vulnerability allows attackers to trigger arbitrary OS command execution on the machine running mcp-remote when it Ravie Lakshmananhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]

Russian professional basketball player Daniil Kasatkin was arrested in France at the request of the United States for allegedly acting as a negotiator for a ransomware gang. [...]

Four vulnerabilities dubbed PerfektBlue and affecting the BlueSDK Bluetooth stack from OpenSynergy can be exploited to achieve remote code execution and potentially allow access to critical elements in vehicles from multiple vendors, including Mercedes-Benz AG, Volkswagen, and Skoda. [...]

Because workers don’t want to be in meetings all day — especially if they’re unproductive — Zoom is packing more AI features into its software so attendees get more value from conversations and can use agentic AI to finish projects.

“The vision that our CTO has really laid out is this idea of agentic AI task completion,” said Kim Storin, the chief marketing officer at Zoom.

The approach to agentic task completion is designed to integrate smoothly into corporate workflows to take advantage of opportunities before, during and after meetings.

“That’s why we’ve been able to embed it into the platform instead of bolting it on,” Storin said. “It’s truly part of the overall workflow, versus just a side project of AI.”

Zoom took steps toward its conversation-to-completion goal this week by adding more tools to the company’s Custom AI Companion feature; it shows up in the interface as a chatbot where users can pose questions. 

The Custom AI Companion is now widely available to customers — and the chatbot can get answers from the third-party tools. For example, users will be able to pull out sales records from Salesforce during a conversation by querying the chatbot, and then update records, said Smita Hashim, chief product officer at Zoom.

Zoom has also expanded the functionality with integrations with data storage platform Box and project management tools from Asana and Atlassian’s Jira. That means, for instance, users will be able to update Jira tickets or pull information from files in Box.

Users can also connect to services such as AWS’s Q agents, which is a generative AI (genAI) assistant. Q is Amazon’s version of Microsoft’s Copilot, which helps workers complete jobs and get answers.

“Great meetings are when you’re having an engaging, creative conversation, you are brainstorming, people are alert, they’re not fiddling around,” Hashim said.

Zoom’s AI Companion is available to all users, but the customized AI companion had been available only to large organizations. The add-on is now available to more customers, including small businesses, and will cost $12 per user per month, Hashim said.

“The Custom AI Companion can also join your Google Meet meetings or Teams meetings,” Hashim said.

Zoom’s AI features are based on established large language models (LLMs) from the likes of Anthropic, OpenAI and Meta. The company also uses custom and small language models for AI functions within its videoconferencing software.

“These small language models are more specific to a task and those are becoming better. It’s a federated approach that we are using for models,” Hashim said.

Product integrations are commonplace across productivity suites and project management tools, even if from rival providers. The integrations improve user productivity and keep projects on track.  

Zoom wants to “take that conversation and convert it into something which is really actionable” allowing users to complete tasks “as much as we can in the moment,” Hashim said.

Read more by this author:

• Microsoft slashes prices 60% on genAI tech that understands audio, video, and text
• Google to give enterprises control over beta Workspace feature rollouts
• Apple reaches out to OpenAI, Anthropic to build out Siri technology
• OpenAI productivity suite could change the way users create documents
• Meta adds privacy feature to WhatsApp days after US House ban

OpenAI is an artificial intelligence organization comprised of the non-profit OpenAI, Inc. and several for-profit subsidiaries. The company is perhaps best known for its ChatGPT chatbot, which launched in 2022, kicking off a period of massive disruption in the tech industry and beyond.

A complicated and increasingly contentious relationship with Microsoft, ongoing legal issues over copyright infringement, and frequent product announcements keep OpenAI in the news.

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Cryptocurrency users are the target of an ongoing social engineering campaign that employs fake startup companies to trick users into downloading malware that can drain digital assets from both Windows and macOS systems. "These malicious operations impersonate AI, gaming, and Web3 firms using spoofed social media accounts and project documentation hosted on legitimate platforms like Notion and Ravie Lakshmananhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]

FBI's Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) compliance isn't optional when handling law enforcement data. From MFA to password hygiene, see how Specops Software helps meet FBI standards while also securing your Windows Active Directory. [...]

The UK's National Crime Agency (NCA) arrested four people suspected of being involved in cyberattacks on major retailers in the country, including Marks & Spencer, Co-op, and Harrods. [...]

The UK's National Crime Agency (NCA) arrested four people suspected of being involved in cyberattacks on major retailers in the country, including Marks & Spencer, Co-op, and Harrods. [...]

** Vnitro odhalilo zásah neznámých útočníků do svých IT systémů. ** V rámci prevence je úřad odpojil, aby se zabránilo úniku dat. ** Ministr Rakušan ujišťuje, že žádné osobní údaje ani tajné informace neunikly.

The U.K. National Crime Agency (NCA) on Thursday announced that four people have been arrested in connection with cyber attacks targeting major retailers Marks & Spencer, Co-op, and Harrods. The arrested individuals include two men aged 19, a third aged 17, and a 20-year-old woman. They were apprehended in the West Midlands and London on suspicion of Computer Misuse Act offenses, blackmail, Ravie Lakshmananhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]