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Apple announced late Monday that Tim Cook, the company’s CEO since 2011, is stepping down Sept. 1 to be replaced by current senior vice president of hardware engineering, John Ternus. Cook will become executive chairman of the board.

Cook, who is 65, will continue as CEO until the end of August to assist in the transition, which, Apple said, came after a “thoughtful, long-term succession planning process.”

“It has been the greatest privilege of my life to be the CEO of Apple and to have been trusted to lead such an extraordinary company, Cook said In the announcement about the changes. “I love Apple with all of my being, and I am so grateful to have had the opportunity to work with a team of such ingenious, innovative, creative, and deeply caring people who have been unwavering in their dedication to enriching the lives of our customers and creating the best products and services in the world.”

John Ternus will succeed Tim Cook as Apple CEO in September.

Apple

He also sang his successor’s praises: “John Ternus has the mind of an engineer, the soul of an innovator, and the heart to lead with integrity and with honor. He is a visionary whose contributions to Apple over 25 years are already too numerous to count, and he is without question the right person to lead Apple into the future. I could not be more confident in his abilities and his character, and I look forward to working closely with him on this transition and in my new role as executive chairman.”

Current board non-executive chairman Arthur Levinson, who has held the post for 15 years, will become Apple’s lead independent director on Sept. 1. When he assumes his new role, Ternus will join the board.

Apple also announced that Ternus’s job will be filled by Johny Srouji, effective immediately.

“Johny is one of the most talented people I have ever had the privilege to work with,” Cook said about that change. “He has played a singular role in driving Apple’s silicon strategy, and his influence has been felt deeply not just inside the company, but across the industry. He has always led his organization with remarkable deftness and judgment, and time and again, his team has delivered breakthrough innovations that have transformed our products. We are incredibly fortunate to have him as Apple’s chief hardware officer.”

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New artificial neurons fire so realistically they can activate living brain cells in mouse tissue.

As AI demands ever more power, researchers are looking to the brain for more efficient ways to process information. A new approach uses soft, flexible electronics to create artificial neurons that can mimic biological signaling and even directly interface with living neural tissue.

Researchers have long attempted to create so-called “neuromorphic” chips made of artificial neurons that mimic the spiking behavior of their biological counterparts. But there are still wide gaps between how these devices and brains operate.

Real neurons in the brain display a wide variety of activity patterns, which helps them encode and process information extremely efficiently. In contrast, most artificial neurons are carbon copies of each other with highly uniform spiking behavior, forcing neuromorphic chips to use millions of these neurons to achieve even modest functionality.

Now, a team from Northwestern University has designed a novel fabrication technique to create artificial neurons that mimic the complex signaling patterns found in the brain. The neurons’ output was so realistic that they successfully stimulated neurons in mouse brain tissue. More importantly, the approach could lay the groundwork for much more energy efficient AI.

“Silicon achieves complexity by having billions of identical devices,” Mark Hersam, who co-led the research, said in a press release. “Everything is the same, rigid and fixed once it’s fabricated. The brain is the opposite. It’s heterogeneous, dynamic and three-dimensional. To move in that direction, we need new materials and new ways to build electronics.”

The team created their artificial neurons, described in a paper in Nature Nanotechnology, by jet printing special electronic ink onto a flexible polymer. The ink contains nanoscale flakes of molybdenum disulfide, which acts as a semiconductor, and graphene, which serves as an electrical conductor.

The ink also contains a stabilizing polymer researchers typically burn off after printing to prevent it from interfering with the flow of current. But the researchers discovered that by leaving some of it behind, they could introduce imperfections that result in far more sophisticated signaling behavior.

Rather than completely burning the material away, they partially decomposed it. Then when they passed a current through the printed neurons, the polymer broke down further, but in an uneven pattern that created a conductive thread where current gets squeezed into a tight channel.

This constricted pathway rapidly switches on and off, firing sharp voltage spikes that look a lot like the spikes found in real neurons. The device doesn’t just produce simple on-off pulses, but everything from isolated spikes to sustained firing to rhythmic bursts, much like a real neuron.

With just two of these printable neurons and some basic circuit components, the researchers produced sophisticated spiking patterns. And crucially, they were able to tune the length and frequency of spikes to match the timing of biological action potentials, which could be useful for applications like bioelectronic medicine or brain-computer interfaces.

To test whether they could go beyond simply matching the numbers, the team worked with Northwestern neurobiology professor, Indira Raman, to hook up their artificial neurons to slices of mouse cerebellum and fire spikes into the tissue. The biological neurons fired in response, showing the synthetic signals were convincing enough to activate real neural circuits.

“You can see the living neurons respond to our artificial neuron,” said Hersam. “So, we’ve demonstrated signals that are not only the right timescale but also the right spike shape to interact directly with living neurons.”

While those capabilities could lead to some interesting applications, the researchers’ mainly hope the technology can reduce AI’s energy bill by mimicking the brain’s more efficient processing.

“To meet the energy demands of AI, tech companies are building gigawatt data centers powered by dedicated nuclear power plants,” Hersam said. This can only scale so far, in terms of power and cooling, he said. “However you look at it, we need to come up with more energy-efficient hardware for AI.”

Given the long, tortuous path from lab bench to factory floor, it seems unlikely this technology will be making a dent in the industry’s power bill any time soon. But it could lay the groundwork for a smarter way to do computation in the future.

The post Printed Neurons That Mimic Brain Cells Could Slash AI’s Energy Bill appeared first on SingularityHub.

The ongoing shortage of memory chips looks likely to continue throughout the year as demand from the AI sector surges. According to Nikkei Asia, leading manufacturers are expected to be able to meet only about 60% of global demand despite expansion plans.

Although new factories are on the way, several of them are not expected to reach full production until 2027 at the earliest. Even once those facilities are up and running, additional time will be required to scale up to efficient production levels.

An annual production increase of around 12% would be needed to catch up with demand, analysts said, though current plans are significantly lower. The balance between supply and demand for memory is not expected to normalize until 2028.

Because of the shortage, memory prices have risen by approximately 90% during the first quarter of 2026.

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Adobe Summit serves as a platform for Adobe to introduce new services, capabilities, and enhancements to its portfolio of creative and marketing software and services. The 2026 edition kicks off live in Las Vegas on April 20, with a virtual event running alongside it.

The company has long been a name to watch as a developer of creativity and design software. This year will be a pivotal one for Adobe, with the recent announcement that its CEO is stepping down after 18 years at the helm, and the rise of AI tools challenging both creators and the software vendors that serve them. Expect announcements setting out Adobe’s response to those challenges — and watch for signs that the company may be changing direction or losing ground to AI offerings from companies such as Microsoft, OpenAI, or Google.

Adobe is also one of the bigger players in the enterprise digital marketing solutions, and Adobe Summit will also provide insights into changes to Adobe Marketing Cloud and Adobe Experience Platform.

Follow this page (and this one) for the latest news and insights from Adobe 2026, and check out recent related coverage below.

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Apple Silicon has another big journey to take, one that means Apple will probably be the first to introduce 1.4- and 1-nanometer chips inside its systems. If that happens, Macs, iPhones, and iPads will continue to lead the industry in performance per watt.

Why do I say this? Mainly because reports claim TSMC is working to build sub 1nm chips by 2029 — and Apple remains that company’s most important customer, despite competition from AI server manufacturers today.

Demand for AI servers could yet slow, given the looming energy crisis and the trend toward on-prem and edge AI services. I don’t think the current level of investment in AI is sustainable, which is why I think Apple will continue to be TSMC’s lead customer once that bubble, inevitably, bursts.

What’s happening at TSMC?

The latest news is that TSMC intends to begin trial production of its sub-1nm A10 process tech by 2029, setting up Apple to be the first big company to use these new processors inside its hardware when volume production begins. 

What’s interesting is that this move to 1nm isn’t just about making transistors smaller, but also about ensuring close integration between chips, memory, and energy systems. A report in 2021 said TSMC was able to reach 1nm by using bismuth instead of silicon in the design.

Apple, of course, already works very, very hard to integrate those different elements on its existing processors, which is why it delivers better performance at lower wattage than competitors. That integration means its systems can accomplish a great deal more from lower quantities of memory, which helps protect the company’s margins against rapidly accelerating RAM prices. 

We currently expect up to 30% improvement in both performance and power efficiency from these new chip designs. That implies that iPhone Pro models introduced in 2030 (or possibly 2031) will be powered by these new chips.

Apple’s silicon road map seems secure

TSMC is expected to introduce 1.6nm chips in the next 18 months, though Apple might choose to skip that iteration to guarantee a leadership position once the 1.4nm TSMC process hits in 2028. That iteration will deliver yet another big speed and performance boost to Apple’s devices, with Apple becoming the first PC, tablet, or smartphone manufacturer to ship 1.4nm systems at scale. 

What benefits can we expect? During TSMC’s 2025 North American Symposium the company said 1.4nm chips should be 15% faster and consume around 30% less power than the processors inside Apple’s current devices. That’s all good, but it is also interesting to note that the iPhone 17 series hasn’t even made the leap to 2nm as yet, with Apple using TSMC’s N3P process. So, the company has lots of scope to secure the future of Apple Silicon.

Where next for Apple’s chips?

If it is correct that Apple will skip TSMC’s 1.6nm process and then climb aboard the 1.4nm and 1nm chips, we could see the two big processor development chapters between now and 2030. This year we can see it introduce 2nm chips, with 1.4nm to follow probably in 2028 and the huge leap to sub-1nm processors to follow in 2030-31.

As these chips will be deployed across Apple’s hardware platforms, including within new designs we don’t know about yet, it means you can anticipate highly significant performance gains wherever in the ecosystem you happen to sit. Whether you’re looking at the next-generation MacBook Neo, MacBook Pro, iPhone or iPhone e, you’ll see impressive performance gains unlocked in all into the last half of this decade. 

Those performance gains, combined with improved energy consumption, allows Apple’s hardware designers to work towards thinner, lighter and smaller devices in a range of design configurations — some of which could not have existed before. (Think about spectacles with the kind of performance you once got from a Mac.) The way ahead is clear. Apple has a wide open road for chip design, and while tensions between today’s US and China could derail some of these plans, TSMC’s continued investment in fabrication capacity in the US might help mitigate against even that potential calamity.

You can follow me on social media! Join me on BlueSky,  LinkedIn, Mastodon, and MeWe. 

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