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New Google AI Will Work Out What 98% of Our DNA Actually Does for the Body
AlphaGenome predicts how long stretches of DNA “dark matter” affect gene expression and a host of other important properties.
Vast swathes of the human genome remain a mystery to science. A new AI from Google DeepMind is helping researchers understand how these stretches of DNA impact the activity of other genes.
While the Human Genome Project produced a complete map of our DNA, we still know surprisingly little about what most of it does. Roughly 2 percent of the human genome encodes specific proteins, but the purpose of the other 98 percent is much less clear.
Historically, scientists called this part of the genome “junk DNA.” But there’s growing recognition these so-called “non-coding” regions play a critical role in regulating the expression of genes elsewhere in the genome.
Teasing out these interactions is a complicated business. But now a new Google DeepMind model called AlphaGenome can take long stretches of DNA and make predictions about how different genetic variants will affect gene expression, as well as a host of other important properties.
“We have, for the first time, created a single model that unifies many different challenges that come with understanding the genome,” Pushmeet Kohli, a vice president for research at DeepMind, told MIT Technology Review.
The so-called “sequence to function” model uses the same transformer architecture as the large language models behind popular AI chatbots. The model was trained on public databases of experimental results testing how different sequences impact gene regulation. Researchers can enter a DNA sequence of up to one million letters, and the model will then make predictions about a wide range of molecular properties impacting the sequence’s regulatory activity.
These include things like where genes start and end, which sections of the DNA are accessible or blocked by certain proteins, and how much RNA is being produced. RNA is the messenger molecule responsible for carrying the instructions contained in DNA to the cell’s protein factories, or ribosomes, as well as regulating gene expression.
AlphaGenome can also assess the impact of mutations in specific genes by comparing variants, and it can make predictions about RNA “splicing”—a process where RNA molecules are chopped up and packaged before being sent off to a ribosome. Errors in this process are responsible for rare genetic diseases, such as spinal muscular atrophy and some forms of cystic fibrosis.
Predicting the impact of different genetic variants could be particularly useful. In a blog post, the DeepMind researchers report they used the model to predict how mutations other scientists had discovered in leukemia patients probably activated a nearby gene known to play a role in cancer.
“This system pushes us closer to a good first guess about what any variant will be doing when we observe it in a human,” Caleb Lareau, a computational biologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center granted early access to AlphaGenome, told MIT Technology Review.
The model will be free for noncommercial purposes, and DeepMind has committed to releasing full details of how it was built in the future. But it still has limitations. The company says the model can’t make predictions about the genomes of individuals, and its predictions don’t fully explain how genetic variations lead to complex traits or diseases. Further, it can’t accurately predict how non-coding DNA impacts genes that are located more than 100,000 letters away in the genome.
Anshul Kundaje, a computational genomicist at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, who had early access to AlphaGenome, told Nature that the new model is an exciting development and significantly better than previous models, but not a slam dunk. “This model has not yet ‘solved’ gene regulation to the same extent as AlphaFold has, for example, protein 3D-structure prediction,” he says.
Nonetheless, the model is an important breakthrough in the effort to demystify the genome’s “dark matter.” It could transform our understanding of disease and supercharge synthetic biologists’ efforts to re-engineer DNA for our own purposes.
The post New Google AI Will Work Out What 98% of Our DNA Actually Does for the Body appeared first on SingularityHub.
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Tech layoffs this year: A timeline
Among a range of factors leading to a wave of tech sector layoffs in 2025 is the rapid rise of artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation. Companies are reconfiguring their workforces to leverage AI for increased efficiency and reduced operating costs. This realignment and reduction is in redundancy is often implemented even by companies reporting strong financial performance.
But it’s not just AI leading to workforce cuts. Complementing this technological shift are ongoing economic uncertainty, inflation, and higher interest rates. This combo is driving companies to cut costs and streamline operations for increased efficiency.
As we hit the mid-point of 2025, this combination of AI-driven restructuring, economic uncertainty, and market normalization is shifting the tech employment landscape, indicating a shift to leaner, more AI-centric operations.
According to data compiled by Layoffs.fyi, an online tracker keeping tabs on job losses in the technology sector, 63,823 employees were laid off at 150 tech companies in first half of 2025, In 2024, 152,104 employees laid off by 547 companies, The site is also now tracking tech layoffs at U.S. federal government employees laid off by the U.S. DOGE. To date in 2024, it’s tracked 61,296 government employees laid at 171,843 total federal departures.
Here is a list — to be updated regularly — of some of the most prominent technology layoffs the industry has experienced recently.
Tech layoffs in 2025- Microsoft
- Intel
- Crowdstrike
- HPE
- Autodesk
- HPE
- CISA
- Workday
- Salesforce
- Meta
Microsoft will lay off about 9,000 employees, a source familiar with the workforce cut told CNBC. The cuts will reportedly affect less than 4% of Microsoft’s global workforce and will impact different teams, geographies and levels of experience. This is the latest in a string of cuts the tech giant has made this year.
June 17, 2025: Intel looks to factory layoffs to return to profitabilityIntel will lay off up to 20% of its manufacturing sector employees starting in July, according to media reports, as the company looks for options as it seeks a return to profitability. The cuts reportedly will be made around the world, but some of the layoffs will be closer to home, according to a report in The Oregonian citing an internal company memo from Intel manufacturing Vice President Naga Chandrasekaran.
May 7, 2025: CrowdStrike to lay off 5% of staffCrowdStrike announced a plan to cut about 500 roles, roughly 5% of its workforce, to streamline operations and reduce costs. The cybersecurity company will incur about $36 million to $53 million in charges related to the layoffs
March 6, 2025: HPE cuts 2,500 jobs, remains committed to Juniper buyCEO Antonio Neri told Wall Street analysts that HPE would begin implementing a cost-cutting program involving layoffs of about 2,500 employees over the next 18 months. HPE employs about 61,000 people worldwide.
Feb. 27, 2025: Autodesk to lay off 9% of workforceSoftware maker Autodesk is laying off 1,350 staff. With the rise of subscription and multi-year contracts billed annually, and self-service enablement, it finds it needs fewer sales staff, CEO Andrew Anagnost said in a message to employees. And with its cloud, platform, and AI products proving most profitable, it’s concentrating its staff and investments there.
Feb. 27, 2025: HP to lay off 2,000 moreAs part of an ongoing restructuring, HP plans to lay off up to another 2,000 workers. In recent weeks, the company has tried — unsuccessfully — to do away with telephone support staff by forcing callers to wait for at least 15 minutes if they refuse to use self-service support resources online. The company swiftly backtracked, but wider job cuts are still on.
Feb. 21, 2025: CISA lays off 130Government employees get laid off too: In this case, 130 workers at the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency are being shown the door as a result of a DOGE decision. Cybersecurity experts are concerned that the cuts will harm the international collaborations that CISA has fostered, quite apart from their concerns about the security of the DOGE layoff process itself.
Feb. 5, 2025: Workday lays off 1,750As it moves to invest more in AI and international growth, Workday is laying off 8.5% of its workforce and disposing of unused office space. Some analysts fear the cutbacks will affect the company’s customer service — unless AI can pick up the slack.
Feb. 4, 2025: Salesforce lays off over 1,000At the same time as it’s hiring sales staff for its new artificial intelligence products, Salesforce is laying off over 1,000 workers across the company, according to Bloomberg. As of June, 2024, the company had over 72,000 employees, according to its website. Salesforce did not comment on the report. In 2024 the company reportedly laid off around 1,000 staff too, in two waves: January and July.
Jan. 14, 2025: Meta will lay off 5% of workforceMark Zuckerberg told Meta employees he intended to “move out the low performers faster” in an internal memo reported by Bloomberg. The memo announced that the company will lay off 5% of its staff, or around 3,600 staff, beginning Feb. 10. The company had already reduced its headcount by 5% in 2024 through natural attrition, the memo said. Among those leaving the company will be staff previously responsible for fact checking of posts on its social media platforms in the US, as the company begins relying on its users to police content.
Tech layoffs in 2024- Equinix
- AMD
- Freshworks
- Cisco
- General Motors
- Intel
- OpenText
- Microsoft
- AWS
- Dell
Despite intense demand for its data center capacity, Equinix is planning to lay off 3% of its workforce, or around 400 employees. The announcement followed the appointment of Adaire Fox-Martin to replace Charles Meyers as CEO and the departures of two other senior executives, CIO Milind Wagle and CISO Michael Montoya.
Nov. 13, 2024: AMD to cut 4% of workforceAMD will lay off around 1,000 employees as it pivots towards developing AI-focused chips, it said. The move came as a surprise to staff, as the company also reported strong quarterly earnings.
Nov. 7, 2024: Freshworks lays off 660Enterprise software vendor Freshworks laid off around 660 staff, or around 13% of its headcount, despite reporting increased revenue and profits in its fourth fiscal quarter. The company described the layoffs as a realignment of its global workforce.
Sept. 17, 2024: Cisco lays off 6,000After laying off around 4,200 staff in February, Cisco is at it again, laying off another 6,000 or around 7% of its workforce. Among the divisions affected were its threat intelligence unit, Talos Security.
Aug. 20, 2024: General Motors lays off 1,000 software staffMore than 1,000 software and services staff are on the way out at General Motors, signalling that it could be rethinking its digital transformation strategy. In an internal memo, the company said that it was moving resources to its highest-priority work and flattening hierarchies.
August 1, 2024: Intel removes 15,000 rolesIntel plans to cut its workforce by around 15% to reduce costs after a disastrous second quarter. Revenue for the three months to June 29 stagnated at around $12.8 billion, but net income fell 85% to $83 million, prompting CEO Pat Gelsinger to bring forward a company-wide meeting in order to announce that 15,000 staff would lose their jobs. “This is an incredibly hard day for Intel as we are making some of the most consequential changes in our company’s history,” Gelsinger wrote in an email to staff, continuing: “Our revenues have not grown as expected — and we’ve yet to fully benefit from powerful trends, like AI. Our costs are too high, our margins are too low. We need bolder actions to address both — particularly given our financial results and outlook for the second half of 2024, which is tougher than previously expected.”
July 4, 2024: OpenText to lay off 1,200OpenText said it will lay off 1,200 staff, or about 1.7% of its workforce, in a bid to save around $100 million annually. It plans to hire new sales and engineering staff in other areas in 2025, it said.
June 4, 2024: Microsoft lays off staff in Azure divisionMicrosoft laid off staff in several teams supporting its cloud services, including Azure for Operations and Mission Engineering. The company didn’t say exactly how many staff were leaving.
April 4, 2024: Amazon downsizes AWS in a fresh cost-cutting roundAmazon announced hundreds of layoffs in the sales and marketing teams of its AWS cloud services division — and also in the technology development teams for its physical retail stores, as it stepped back from efforts to generalize the “Just Walk Out” technology built for its Amazon Fresh grocery stores.
April 1, 2024: Dell acknowledges 13,000 job cutsDell Technologies’ latest 10K filing with the US Securities and Exchange Commission disclosed that the company had laid off 13,000 employees over the course of the 2023 fiscal year; it characterized the layoffs and other reorganizational moves as cost-cutting measures. “These actions resulted in a reduction in our overall headcount,” the company said. A comparison to the previous year’s 10K filing, performed by The Register, found that Dell employed 133,000 people at that point, compared to 120,000 as of February 2024. Dell announced layoffs of 6,650 staffers on Feb. 6, but it is unclear whether those cuts were reflected in the numbers from this year’s 10K statement.
US lets China buy semiconductor design software again
The US has lifted export restrictions on semiconductor design software to China, reversing a controversial policy imposed just six weeks ago that had threatened to cripple China’s chip design capabilities.
The three leading semiconductor design software providers, Synopsys, Cadence Design Systems, and Germany’s Siemens, announced they had been notified that export license requirements for business in China are no longer in place.
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