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Proslýchalo se, že čiplety Zen 5 budou z důvodu ~27% navýšení počtu tranzistorů dosahovat plochy kolem 90 mm². Nebudou, zůstanou na rozměrech Zen 4, díky obrovskému nárůstu denzity…

Zadečky se v létě víc paří nejen batolatům. I my, kteří vyrážíme na tůry nárazově, ať už koňmo, pěšmo či kolmo, bychom mohli vyprávět, jak „vlk“ dokáže potrápit. Ať už zarudlé půlky budeme zklidňovat ratolestem či sobě, nebude na škodu se podívat, čím to činíme. Špatnou zprávou je, že mnohé z produktů obsah právě oné rizikové škodliviny neuvádějí. A nebo ještě hůř, je vyzdvihována jako přednost.

Is it possible that one day we could make Mars like Earth? –Tyla, age 16, Mississippi

When I was in middle school, my biology teacher showed our class the sci-fi movie Star Trek III: The Search for Spock.

The plot drew me in with its depiction of the “Genesis Project”—a new technology that transformed a dead alien world into one brimming with life.

After watching the movie, my teacher asked us to write an essay about such technology. Was it realistic? Was it ethical? And to channel our inner Spock: Was it logical? This assignment had a huge impact on me.

Fast-forward to today, and I’m an engineer and professor developing technologies to extend the human presence beyond Earth.

For example: I’m working on advanced propulsion systems to take spacecraft beyond Earth’s orbit. I’m helping to develop lunar construction technologies to support NASA’s goal of a long-term human presence on the moon. And I’ve been on a team that showed how to 3D print habitats on Mars.

To sustain people beyond Earth will take a lot of time, energy, and imagination. But engineers and scientists have started to chip away at the many challenges.

A photo taken of the bleak Martian surface by NASA’s Perseverance rover in June 2024. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech A Partial Checklist: Food, Water, Shelter, Air

After the moon, the next logical place for humans to live beyond Earth is Mars.

But is it possible to terraform Mars—that is, transform it to resemble the Earth and support life? Or are these just the musings of science fiction?

To live on Mars, humans will need liquid water, food, shelter, and an atmosphere with enough oxygen to breathe and that’s thick enough to retain heat and protect against radiation from the sun.

But the Martian atmosphere is almost all carbon dioxide, with virtually no oxygen. And it’s very thin—only about 1 percent as dense as the Earth’s.

The less dense an atmosphere, the less heat it can hold onto. Earth’s atmosphere is thick enough to retain the heat needed to sustain life by what’s known as the greenhouse effect.

But on Mars, the atmosphere is so slight that the nighttime temperature drops routinely to -150 degrees Fahrenheit (-101 degrees Celsius).

So what’s the best way to give Mars an atmosphere?

Although Mars has no active volcanoes now—at least as far as we know—scientists could trigger volcanic eruptions via nuclear explosions. The gases trapped deep in a volcano would be released and then drift into the atmosphere. But that scheme is a bit harebrained because the explosions would also introduce deadly radioactive material into the air.

A better idea: Redirecting water-rich comets and asteroids to crash into Mars. That too would release gases from below the planet’s surface into the atmosphere while also releasing the water found in the comets. NASA has already demonstrated that it is possible to redirect asteroids—but relatively large ones, and lots of them, are needed to make a difference.

Making Mars Cozy

There are numerous ways to heat up the planet. For instance, gigantic mirrors, built in space and placed in orbit around Mars, could reflect sunlight to the surface and warm it up.

One recent study proposed that Mars colonists could spread aerogel, an ultralight solid material, on the ground. The aerogel would act as insulation and trap heat. This could be done all over Mars, including the polar ice caps, where the aerogel could melt the existing ice to make liquid water.

To grow food, you need soil. On Earth, soil is composed of five ingredients: minerals, organic matter, living organisms, gases, and water.

But Mars is covered in a blanket of loose, dust-like material called regolith. Think of it as Martian sand. The regolith contains few nutrients, not enough for healthy plant growth, and it hosts some nasty chemicals called perchlorates, used on Earth in fireworks and explosives.

Cleaning up the regolith and turning it into something viable wouldn’t be easy. What the alien soil needs is some Martian fertilizer, maybe made by adding extremophiles to it—hardy microbes imported from Earth that can survive even the harshest conditions. Genetically engineered organisms are also a possibility.

Through photosynthesis, these organisms would begin converting carbon dioxide to oxygen. Eventually, as Mars became more friendly to Earth-like organisms, colonists could introduce more complex plants and even animals.

Providing oxygen, water, and food in the right proportions is extraordinarily complex. On Earth, scientists have tried to simulate this in Biosphere 2, a closed-off ecosystem featuring ocean, tropical, and desert habitats. Although all of Biosphere 2’s environments are controlled, even there scientists struggle to get the balance right. Mother Nature really knows what she’s doing.

A House on Mars

Buildings could be 3D printed; initially, they would need to be pressurized and protected until Mars acquired Earth-like temperatures and air. NASA’s Moon-to-Mars Planetary Autonomous Construction Technologies program is researching how to do exactly this.

There are many more challenges. For example, unlike Earth, Mars has no magnetosphere, which protects a planet from solar wind and cosmic radiation. Without a magnetic field, too much radiation gets through for living things to stay healthy. There are ways to create a magnetic field, but so far the science is highly speculative.

In fact, all the technologies I’ve described are far beyond current capabilities at the scale needed to terraform Mars. Developing them would take enormous amounts of research and money, probably much more than possible in the near term. Although the Genesis device from Star Trek III could terraform a planet in a matter of minutes, terraforming Mars would take centuries or even millennia.

And there are a lot of ethical questions to resolve before people get started on turning Mars into another Earth. Is it right to make such drastic permanent changes to another planet?

If this all leaves you disappointed, don’t be. As scientists create innovations to terraform Mars, we’ll also use them to make life better on Earth. Remember the technology we’re developing to 3D print habitats on Mars? Right now, I’m part of a group of scientists and engineers employing that very same technology to print homes here on Earth—which will help address the world’s housing shortage.

Curious Kids is a series for children of all ages. If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to [email protected].

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Image Credit: Daein Ballard / Wikimedia Commons

Vláda schválila Zprávu o stavu kybernetické bezpečnosti České republiky za rok 2023 (pdf). Dokument připravil Národní úřad pro kybernetickou a informační bezpečnost (NÚKIB) a vyplývá z něj, že v roce 2023 se v České republice meziročně zvýšil celkový počet kybernetických incidentů evidovaných NÚKIB ze 146 na 262. Policie ČR pak v roce 2023 evidovala přes 19 tisíc trestných činů v oblasti kybernetické kriminality, což činí 6% meziroční nárůst. Největší hrozbou pro českou kybernetickou bezpečnost je činnost kyberkriminálních skupin a aktivity státem sponzorovaných kybernetických aktérů.

Anthropic released an iOS version of its popular chatbot Claude for the iPhone in May; now, it’s time for an Android version.

The artificial intelligence (AI) company announced the Android iteration on Tuesday.

With the help of Claude, users can have conversations in a number of languages, including English, German, French, Spanish and Italian. The new app reportedly can be used with all subscriptions, which includes Pro and Team. Business users have the option to sign up for a monthly subscription that costs roughly $31 per user. The minimum number of users that can be registered is five.

Users who can’t download the app from Google Play or the App Store, can still access Claude via the web at claude.ai .

Next read this:

• 7 efficiency-enhancing Android apps
• This classic Android app is tapping into the ghost of Google Now
• 13 useful Google apps you should be using on Android
• The best note-taking apps for Android
• 7 handy hidden Android features you probably forget to use

Spojené království se stalo první evropskou zemí, která schválila využití laboratorně pěstovaného masa. Britské regulační úřady daly zelenou společnosti Meatly k použití kultivovaného kuřecího masa v krmivech pro domácí zvířata. Vývoj zrychlil díky Brexitu Meatly je britský startup založený v ...

On June 18, 2024, the first round of Copilot+ PCs arrived, including offerings from Microsoft, HP, Asus Acer, Dell, and Lenovo. I was lucky enough to land a Lenovo Yoga Slim 7x on June 21st and have been digging into its capabilities and limitations ever since.

Over the weekend, I stumbled upon a situation that is both unsurprising and disturbing — namely, that there are very, very few image backup and restore tools that work with the ARM64-based version of Windows 11 24H2 that ships on all currently available Copilot+ PCs.

Searching for working image backup packages

Indeed, a concerted series of Google and Bing searches have turned up exactly three software programs that can back up and restore ARM64 versions of Windows (all of which run only on Snapdragon X CPUs at present, though AMD64 versions on Intel and AMD CPUs are expected in the next month or two).

Two of those three options are at least mildly questionable, as I’ll explain:

1. Zinstall FullBack is a full-featured backup and restore package that performs constant incremental backups to a local or networked drive, or into the cloud. Zinstall has been active in the ARM side of Windows backup since Microsoft released early versions of Windows on ARM (WoA) for the Surface Pro X in November 2019. The vendor offers a free 30-day trial, and then charges US$14.90 per month thereafter to use the software.

A bare-metal restore to a non-booting PC will first require a clean Windows install on that machine (I’d recommend an ARM64 ISO from UUP dump), and then installing the Zinstall application. After that, you can restore a backup from your collection of prior snapshots and overwrite the temporary install with that install to pick up where it left off.

2. Microsoft’s Backup and Restore (Windows 7) Control Panel item is still available in Windows 11 24H2. As you can see in this Microsoft Learn article, Windows 7 Backup and Restore has been deprecated since the release of Windows 8 in 2012. This tool is intended to restore existing Windows 7 backups to newer Windows PCs, but it can back up and restore newer versions as well. It’s not a production-grade tool.

3. Version 6.0 of the Veeam Agent (which works with the company’s various backup and replication enterprise-grade solutions) has been force-fit to back up on ARM-based CPUs as of March 2023 (see the end of this R&D Forums note). It can be restored using a Veeam Agent running on an X64 PC. Here again, this appears to be something of a kludge.

Just for grins, I checked all of the backup packages mentioned in Tim Fisher’s November 2023 Lifewire article 32 Best Free Backup Software Tools. None of them supports ARM64 CPUs, either.

The Windows Backup option

When I asked Microsoft to comment on the situation, a spokesperson pointed me to the Microsoft support page for the Windows Backup app built into Windows 11, indicating that this tool provides a backup and recovery solution for ARM-based PCs. It does, but not completely.

As I discuss in a recent article on the new backup, recovery, and repair tools in Windows 11, the Windows Backup app is undoubtedly a useful tool for backing up files and folders, apps, settings, and credentials and restoring same. But its restore operation is not as seamless as when using dedicated image backup software, and it doesn’t easily scale up for enterprise use. Indeed, it requires one-at-a-time reinstall of all Windows apps and applications (through links in the Start menu) to fully restore a Windows 11 PC to match its backed-up installation state.

In other words, making complete image backups that can be quickly and easily restored requires third-party image backup software.

Get real about backup and restore in Copilot+ PCs

Realistically, Zinstall FullBack appears to be the only viable option for backing up and restoring Copilot+ PCs with Snapdragon X Elite and Snapdragon X Plus CPU models. (Elite models include X1E-00-1DE, X1E-84-100, X1E-80-100, and the X1E-78-100 found in the Lenovo Yoga Slim 7X; Plus models include X1P-64-100.)

Buyers considering an investment in the current crop of Copilot+ PCs should ponder this potential limitation (among others) carefully. They should also consider that the upcoming collection of Intel- and AMD-based Copilot+ PCs will work with all currently available Windows 11-compatible image backup and restore tools and platforms.

Related reading:

• Microsoft Copilot+ PCs: Finally, a reason to buy a new computer
• 5 Copilot+ PC AI features you can use at launch
• Will your business apps run on the latest Copilot+ PCs?

So long, farewell, do svidaniya, goodbye

Updated  Embattled Russian infosec shop Kaspersky is giving US customers six months of security updates for free as a parting gift as Uncle Sam kicks the antivirus maker out of the American market.…

Waze je oblíbená navigace s prvky sociální interakce • Uživatelé v reálném čase vzájemně sdílí cenné dopravní informace • Znáte všechny funkce a vychytávky této povedené aplikace?

Cybersecurity researchers have discovered an updated variant of a known stealer malware that attackers affiliated with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) have delivered as part of prior cyber espionage campaigns targeting job seekers. The artifact in question is an Apple macOS disk image (DMG) file named "MiroTalk.dmg" that mimics the legitimate video call service of the same name,

Cybersecurity researchers have discovered an updated variant of a known stealer malware that attackers affiliated with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) have delivered as part of prior cyber espionage campaigns targeting job seekers. The artifact in question is an Apple macOS disk image (DMG) file named "MiroTalk.dmg" that mimics the legitimate video call service of the same name,Newsroomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/[email protected]

„Proč jsi nekřičela? Proč jsi to nezastavila?“ ptá se téměř každý kolemjdoucí mladé herečky poté, co žena obviní svého kolegu ze znásilnění během natáčení milostné scény. Podobné otázky a na ně navázané nejednoduché odpovědi jsme v souvislosti s kauzami v rámci hnutí #MeToo slýchali opakovaně.

Když dnes půjdete koupit cyklistickou duši, prodavač se vás pravděpodobně zeptá, zda chcete autoventilek (AV, Schrader), nebo galuskový (Sclaverand, SV). Právě s nimi počítá většina pumpiček a všemožných redukcí. Dříve jsme se mohli setkávat také se standardem Dunlop (DV, nebo také Blitz) a zejména ...

V tomto článku mapujeme novinky v aplikaci WhatsApp • Většina funkcí se nejprve testuje ve vybraných zemích • Poté přichází k dalším uživatelům a je nasazována plošně

Millions more spent without any improvement in recovery times

Costs associated with ransomware attacks on critical national infrastructure (CNI) organizations skyrocketed in the past year.…

Vědci z Cornellovy univerzity se inspirovali slavným sci-fi románem Duna, kde hrdinové nosí obleky, které recyklují tělesné tekutiny na pitnou vodu. Tento nápad přenesli do reality a vyvinuli prototyp systému, který umožňuje astronautům přeměnit jejich moč na čistou vodu. Tato technologie by mohla ...

If personal privacy remains a human right, one day Apple’s approach to artificial intelligence (AI) and generative AI (genAI) will be emulated by the industry, at least to some extent. Because Apple is going where public opinion already is and will benefit from that stance with Apple Intelligence.

This view comes after Ive looked over the 10th Mobile Ecosystem Forum (MEF) Consumer Trust Study, which shows a growing public consciousness around data collection, use, and privacy. And it also tells us that people trust the companies that handle their data less and less.

Tech firms, consumers don’t trust you any more

This should be alarming at this stage of the evolution of AI and shows the clear advantage Apple has as it works to create a trusted, private, powerful model of personal AI. The idea of edge-based, completely private intelligence seems to reflect what users want, rather than feeding the fast-growing industry around surveillance capital.

Apple’s core message about personal privacy — and its recognition that if you are giving up control of your data to use a product, you are the product — were ahead of their time when the company began to promote those thoughts. And now, it is precisely where consumers are going.

Apple’s attempt to deliver a trusted AI may be difficult to accomplish, but the company has already shown a pragmatic awareness of how to get there. Yes, you can use third-party services with Apple Intelligence if you want. But the company will also provide far more private services you can use for specific domains. 

I expect the goal is that eventually the tasks people most want genAI to do for them will be available at the edge, or in trusted iCloud.

What’s changed? 

Convenience isn’t as attractive as it used to be. MEF tells us consumers are less convinced by arguments around ease and convenience and far more likely to question the hidden privacy costs of so-called “free” services. That consciousness means they are searching for and will migrate to trusted services offering high degrees of privacy and control. 

At present in Big Tech, only Apple really provides this.

There are numerous additional relevant insights buried in the MEF report:

• The rise of the “Savvy Consumer” — people who are cautious about data sharing and demand greater control and transparency. They want to be in control of their own data. 
• Consumers are becoming more aware of how data is collected and used and less happy to share their information. Just 12% of online users are unconcerned about data control, and that number is shrinking.
• People are also increasingly concerned about identity theft and data breaches, which once again makes them less likely to share information.  MEF claims 67% of users globally avoid sharing personal data.
• Consumers want clear privacy policies and transparent tools that put them in control of the information they share.
• In the absence of these tools, people limit what they share in an attempt to control what’s known about them. This is a direct challenge to businesses that exploit personal data, particularly for advertising, and for some of the emerging business models around those.

So, where does this leave Apple and AI?

Consumers understand the link between data and privacy

The MEF survey makes it crystal clear that the frontier era of internet privacy has moved into history. While a lot of people became super-rich through various velvet-gloved business plans that involved privacy abuse, the lack of security, care, transparency and respect for consumers has had its cost; people now demand better.

It is true that users continue to be concerned at the overarching power of Big Tech (including Apple), the need to prevent proliferation of harmful content, and a desire to eliminate misleading advertising. But consumers are now also developing awareness of the connection between AI and data privacy.

That they have developed such awareness should be an alarm to incumbents in this space, as that recognition will translate into changing consumer behavior and regulation in double-quick time. It also means Apple’s unique combination of privacy and convenience looks a lot better than what rivals are doing.

People have become ambivalent about technology

MEF tells us the awareness of the challenges of data and privacy is fostering a deep sense of disappointment in technology on an existential level. “Levels of positivity towards tech advancements have stopped increasing, and most users felt either ambivalent or negative towards developments such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality,” MEF said in its executive report.

That’s a bad thing for tech, even for Apple. It’s probably an inevitable disappointment, as utopian promises devolve into increasingly dystopian reality. “The focus is on collaboratively building the next paradigm for a data economy that prioritizes user trust and data control,” wrote MEF CEO Dario Betti.

And which company is already doing more than any other to build something like that? Apple, of course, which has been on precisely this journey since Apple CEO Tim Cook delivered a speech in the EU to warn: “This is surveillance,” and the company intensified its work to build a data economy that prioritizes user trust and data control.

It is fair to say Apple has faced resistance since it set off on this path. Being ahead of your time can generate headwinds. But enterprise and consumer users are catching up fast.

The industry will need to keep up

A pro-privacy, pro-data protection approach will be a key stratagem to put wind under the wings of Apple Intelligence. But it is also the approach consumer and enterprise users will demand from all services in this space.

In this, Apple is already ahead of the game.

Please follow me on Mastodon, or join me in the AppleHolic’s bar & grill and Apple Discussions groups on MeWe.

More by Jonny Evans:

• RCS now works on iPhones running the iOS 18 beta
• Where does Apple Intelligence come from?
• Will Apple stop at Messages via Satellite?

Oficiální definice planety, podle které bylo Pluto v roce 2006 degradováno na trpasličí planetu, není použitelná mimo naši sluneční soustavu. Pro určení, zda mohou být objekty ve vesmíru klasifikovány jako planety, má být zavedena nová metoda, která by měla usnadnit identifikaci objektů obíhajících ...

As the cybersecurity landscape continues to evolve, developers and system administrators have faced several challenges in ensuring the safety of systems written using C. This is due to their vulnerability to buffer overflows.